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AGING
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IN A METAL OR ALLOY, A CHANGE IN PROPERTIES THAT GENERALLY OCCURS SLOWLY AT ROOM TEMPERATURES. |
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ALCLAD
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COMPOSITE SHEET PRODUCED BY BONDING EITHER CORROSION- RESISTANT ALUMINUM ALLOY OR ALUMINUM OF A HIGHER PURITY TO BASE METAL OF STRUCTURALLY STRONGER ALUMINUM ALLOY. |
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ALLOY STEEL
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STEEL CONTAINING SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS (OTHER THAN CARBON AND THE COMMONLY ACCEPTED AMOUNTS OF MANGANESE, SULFUR AND PHOSPHORUS) ADDED TO EFFECT PHYSICAL OR MECHANICAL CHANGES IN THE STEEL. |
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ANNEALNG
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THE SOFTENING OF A STEEL BY HEATING AND HOLDING AT A SUITABLE TEMPERATURE AND COOLING AT A SUITABLE RATE (DEPENDING ON ALLOY). |
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ANODIZING
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THE PROCESS OF MAKING A PROTECTIVE COATING TO ALUMINUM BY ANODIC OXIDATION. |
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ARTIFICIAL AGING
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AN AGING TREATMENT ABOVE ROOM TEMP. |
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AUSTENITIC STAINLESS
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NORMALLY REFERS TO THE NICKEL BEARING NON- MAGNETIC , NON-HEAT TREATABLE GRADES. THE 300 SERIES. |
| B | |
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BEADING
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RAISING A RIDGE ON SHEET METAL. |
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BELLY
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A FULLNESS IN CROSS SECTION OF FOIL, EITHER CENTER OR EDGES. |
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BEND TEST
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VARIOUS TESTS USED TO DETERMINE THE TOUGHNESS AND DUCTILITY OF FLAT ROLLED METAL, IN WHICH THE MATERIAL IS BENT AROUND ITS AXIS OR AROUND AN OUTSIDE RADIUS. |
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BESSEMER PROCESS
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A PROCESS FOR MAKING STEEL IN WHICH AIR IS BLOWN THROUGH THE MOLTEN IRON SO THAT THE IMPURITIES ARE REMOVED BY OXIDATION. |
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BILLET (BLOOM)
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A SOLID SEMI-FINISHED ROUND OR SQUARE PRODUCT THAT HAS BEEN HOT WORKED BY FORGING, ROLLING OR EXTRUSION. THIS PRODUCT IS THEN PROCESSED FURTHER. |
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BOX ANNEALING
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ANNEALING A METAL OR ALLOY IN A SEALED CONTAINER UNDER CONDITIONS THAT MINIMIZE OXIDATION. |
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BLAST FURNACE
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A VERTICAL SHAFT TYPE OF SMELTING FURNACE IN WHICH AN AIR BLAST IS IS USED. IT PRODUCES PIG IRON ( APPROXIMATELY 92% IRON ,3-1/2% CARBON ). |
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BLISTER
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A DEFECT IN THE METAL PRODUCTION WHERE GAS BUBBLES ARE LEFT EITHER ON OR BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE METAL. |
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BOW
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(CAMBER) AN EDGEWISE CURVATURE. MEASURED BY LAYING STRIP OR SHEET NEXT TO A STRAIGHT EDGE. THE DEVIATION IS CAMBER. |
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BRIGHT ANNEALING
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ANNEALING IN A PROTECTIVE MEDIUM TO PREVENT DISCOLORATION OF THE BRIGHT SURFACE. |
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BRINELL HARDNESS TEST
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A TYPE OF HARDNESS TESTING. THE HARDNESS IS DETERMINED BY FORCING A HARD STEEL OR CARBIDE BALL OF SPECIFIED SIZE UNDER SPECIFIC LOAD. |
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BRITTLE FRACTURE
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A FRACTURE WITH LITTLE OR NO PLASTIC DEFORMATION. |
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BUCKLE
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A DEFECT. ALTERNATING BULGES OR HOLLOWS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE PRODUCT WITH THE EDGES REMAINING RELATIVELY FLAT |
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BURNING (BURN MARKS)
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HEATING A MATERIAL BEYOND ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE LIMITS. THIS CAUSES MELTING OR INTERGRANULAR OXIDATION. IT MAY APPEAR AS BROWN OR BLUE MARKS ON THE METAL. |
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BURNISHING
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SMOOTHING SURFACES THROUGH FRICTION CONTACT BETWEEN THE WORK AND SOME HARD MATERIAL SUCH AS METAL BALLS. |
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BURR
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A THIN EDGE OR ROUGHNESS LEFT BY A CUTTING OPERATION SUCH AS SHEARING, SHEARING, BLANKING ETC. |
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BUTT WELDING
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JOINING TWO EDGES OR ENDS BY PLACING ONE AGAINST THE OTHER AND WELDING THEM. |
| C | |
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CAMBER
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SEE "BOW" |
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CANNING
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SEE "OIL CANNING" |
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CARBIDE PRECIPITATION
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THE FORMATION OF METAL CARBIDES WHEN FERROUS METALS ARE RAISED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES (AS IN WELDING). RESULTS IN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CORROSION. |
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CARBON STEEL
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COMMERCIAL OR ORDINARY STEEL AS OPPOSED TO ALLOYED STEEL. CONTAINS CARBON UP TO 2% . |
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CARBURIZING
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ADDING CARBON TO THE SURFACE OF IRON BASED ALLOYS BY ABSORPTION. THE OLDEST FORM OF CASE HARDENING. |
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CASE HARDENING
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HARDENING A FERROUS STEEL SO THAT THE OUTER PORTION, OR CASE, IS HARDER THAN ITS CORE. |
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CAST STEEL
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OBJECT MADE BY POURING MOLTEN STEEL INTO MOLD. |
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CHAMFER
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BEVELING AN EDGE. |
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CHARPY TEST
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AN IMPACT TEST. THE METAL IS USUALLY NOTCHED, SUPPORTED AT BOTH ENDS, AND BROKEN BY A FALLING PENDULUM. |
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CHATTER MARKS
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A DEFECT. PARALLEL INDENTATIONS OR MARKS APPEARING AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE EDGE AT CLOSE OR REGULAR INTERVALS. CAUSED BY VIBRATIONS WHEN MATERIAL IS BEING ROLLED. |
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CHEMICAL MILLING
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REMOVAL OF STOCK BY CONTROLLED CHEMICAL ETCH |
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CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEEL
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NORMALLY REFERS TO THE 18% CHROME 8% NICKEL (18-8) STAINLESS STEEL GRADES. -- THE 300 SERIES. |
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CLADDING
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THE PROCESS OF COVERING ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER. DONE BY WELDING, FUSING, ELECTROPLATING ETC. |
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COIL
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FLAT SHEET OR STRIP IN A LONG LENGTH WHICH IS ROLLED INTO COILS. |
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COIL SET
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THE STEEL HOLDS THE CURVATURE OF THE COIL AFTER UNWINDING. REMOVED BY ROLLER OR STRETCHER LEVELING. |
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COINING
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IMPRESSING IMAGES OR CHARACTERS OF THE DIE AND PUNCH ONTO A PLAIN METAL SURFACE. |
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COIL BREAK
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A DEFECT. CREASES OR RIDGES APPEARING ON SHEETS OR COILS AS PARALLEL LINES CROSS THE WIDTH OF SHEET. |
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COLD FINISH
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A SMOOTH FINISH PRODUCED BY COLD WORKING. |
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COLD ROLLING
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SIMILAR TO COLD REDUCTION. ROLLING MATERIAL AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE SOFTENING POINT OF THE METAL. THIS REDUCES THICKNESS AND INCREASES HARDNESS (COLD WORK) |
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COLD WORK
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PLASTIC DEFORMATION BY EXTERNAL FORCE SUCH AS HAMMERING, DRAWING, BENDING WHICH PRODUCES HARDENING OF THE MATERIAL. COMMERCIAL QUALITY STEEL SHEET - STANDARD QUALITY STEEL. WITH A LADLE ANALYSIS OF 0.15 MAX CARBON. |
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CONCENTRICITY
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CONFORMANCE TO A COMMON CENTER. ROUNDNESS. |
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CORROSION
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THE GRADUAL CHEMICAL OR ELECTRO- MECHANICAL ATTACK ON METAL BY ATMOSPHERE, MOISTURE OR OTHER AGENTS. |
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CORROSION EMBRITTLEMENT |
THE SEVERE LOSS OF DUCTILITY OF A METAL RESULTING FROM CORROSIVE ATTACK. |
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COUPON
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A PIECE OF METAL FROM WHICH A TEST SPECIMEN MAY BE PREPARED. USUALLY TAKEN FROM AN INTEGRAL PART OF PRODUCT. |
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CROP
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CUTTING OFF OF THE DEFECTIVE ENDS OF COIL OR FORGING. |
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CROSS BREAK
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DEFECT. TRANSVERSE RIPPLES OR RIBS. |
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CROWN
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THE HEAVY OR RAISED CENTER IN A STRIP OR SHEET. |
| D | |
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DECARBURIZATION
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LOSS OF CARBON FROM THE SURFACE OF A FERROUS ALLOY BY HEATING IN OXIDIZING /REDUCING ATMOSPHERE. |
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DEBURRING
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BURR REMOVAL BY FILING, ROLLING OR GRINDING. |
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DISH
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A CONCAVE SURFACE. |
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DRAWING
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1. FORMING RECESSED PARTS BY FORCING THE PLASTIC FLOW OF METALS IN A DIE. 2. REDUCING THE SIZE OR SHAPE OF A WIRE BY PULLING IT THROUGH A SERIES OF SMALLER DIES. |
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DRAWN PRODUCT
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A PRODUCT FORMED BY DRAWING. |
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DRILL ROD
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ANNEALED & POLISHED HI-CARBON TOOL STEEL ROD. |
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DROPPED EDGE
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A CONTINUOUS DOWNWARD EDGE DEFLECTION. |
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DUCTILITY
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THE ABILITY OF A METAL TO BE DEFORMED WITHOUT FRACTURING. MEASURED BY ELONGATION & REDUCTION OF AREA. |
| E | |
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EARING
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WAVY PROJECTIONS FORMED AT THE OPEN END OF A CUP OR SHELL IN THE COURSE OF DEEP DRAWING. |
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ECCENTRICITY
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DEVIATION FROM A COMMON CENTER.. |
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EDGING
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THE DRESSING OF A METAL STRIP. I.E. DEBURRING B - MAX. STRESS TO WHICH MATERIAL MAY BE SUBJECTED TO WITHOUT PERMANENT STRAIN REMAINING. |
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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
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THE CAPACITY OF A MATERIAL TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT. |
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ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
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THE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF METAL. |
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ELONGATION
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IN TENSILE TESTING, THE INCREASE IN GAGE LENGTH, MEASURED BEFORE FRACTURE OF THE SPECIMEN. GIVEN IN %. |
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EXFOLIATION
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A TYPE OF CORROSION THAT PROGRESSES APPROX. - IMATELY PARALLEL TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE METAL, CAUSING LAYERS OF THE METAL TO BE ELEVATED BY THE CORROSION . |
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EMBOSSING
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RAISING OR INDENTING A DESIGN IN METAL BY PASSING THE METAL THROUGH ROLLERS WITH A PATTERN. |
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EXTRUSION
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SHAPING METAL BY PASSING THROUGH SERIES OF DIES. |
| F | |
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FATIGUE
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THE PHENOMENON LEADING TO THE FRACTURE UNDER REPEATED OR FLUCTUATING STRESS. FATIGUE FRACTURES ARE PROGRESSIVE AND MINUTE. CRACKS GROW UNDER STRESS. |
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FATIGUE STRENGTH
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THE MAXIMUM STRESS THAT CAN BE SUSTAINED FOR A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF CYCLES WITHOUT FAILURE. |
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FIBER STRESS
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LOCAL STRESS THROUGH A SMALL AREA ON A SECTION WHERE THE STRESS IS NOT UNIFORM, ... AS A BEAM UNDER LOAD. |
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FIN STOCK
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COILED SHEET OR FOIL IN SPECIFIC ALLOYS, AND TEMPERS AND THICKNESS SUITABLE TO MAKE FINS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS. |
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FERRALLOY
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AN ALLOY OF IRON WITH A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF SOME ELEMENT OR ELEMENTS SUCH AS MANGANESE, CHROME OR VANADIUM FOR USE AS A MEANS OF ADDING THESE ELEMENTS TO MOLTEN STEEL. |
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FERROUS
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IRON BASED ALLOYS. |
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FLAKES
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"SHATTER CRACKS" OR "SNOWFLAKES". SHORT DISCONTINUOUS INTERNAL FISSURES IN FERROUS METALS . |
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FLAME ANNEALING
|
SOFTENING THE MATERIAL BY THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE FLAME. |
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FLUTING
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KINKING OR BREAKAGE DUE TO CURVING OF A METAL STRIP CAUSED BY STRETCHING THE MATERIAL BEYOND ITS ELASTIC LIMIT. |
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FOIL
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COIL OR SHEET BELOW THE THICKNESS OF .006 |
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FORGING
|
PLASTICALLY DEFORMING METAL, USUALLY HOT, INTO DESIRED SHAPES WITH COMPRESSIVE FORCE, WITH OR WITHOUT DIES. |
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FRACTURE
|
SURFACE APPEARANCE WHEN SURFACE IS BROKEN. |
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FRACTURE TEST
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BREAKING OF THE SURFACE FOR EXAMINATION OF COMPOSITION, GRAIN SIZE, CASE DEPTH AND THE PRESENCE OF DEFECTS. |
